Commerical Goat Farming Practical Material Book PDF Download [Grade-11]

Table of Contents

Practical - 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Preparation of Bar Charts Showing Population Distribution of Goats at Different Geo-

political and Ecological Domains ------------------------------------------------------------ 1

Practical - 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

Visit to a Nearby Commercial Goat Farm and Describe the Features of a Breeding

Buck and Adult Doe Based on Selection Criteria ----------------------------------------- 4

Practical - 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Develop a Breeding Calendar for a Commercial Goat Farm ----------------------------- 8

Practical - 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11

Study of Digestive System of Goat --------------------------------------------------------- 11

Practical - 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15

Prepare a Fodder/Forage Calendar for Year Round Feeding to the Goats in a

Commercial Goat Farm ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

Practical - 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21

Prepare a Standard Feedlot Using Locally Available Feed Ingredients --------------- 21

Practical - 7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26

Draw Well Labeled Sketch of Ground Housing Structure ------------------------------ 26

Practical - 8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30

Draw Well Labeled Sketch of Stilted Housing Structure -------------------------------- 30

Practical - 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 34

Determination of Age of Goats by Dentition ---------------------------------------------- 34

Practical - 10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37

Ear Tagging and Hoof Trimming in Goat ------------------------------------------------- 37

Practical - 11 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

Castration in Male Kids ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

Practical - 12 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48

Assessment of External Parasites in a Small Goat Flock by Live Examination ------ 48

Practical - 13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56

Microscopic Examination of Stool Samples of a Small Goat Flock to Assess Internal

Parasite ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56

Practical - 14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62

Calculation of Doses Medicines for Different Age Groups of Goat ------------------- 62

Practical - 15 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66

Practices of Drenching in Goats ------------------------------------------------------------ 66

Practical - 16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68

Practices of Dipping in Goats --------------------------------------------------------------- 68

Practical - 17 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70

Develop a Business Plan for a Commercial Goat Enterprise --------------------------- 70

Practical - 18 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76

Develop a Format for Performance Recording of a Goat Flock ------------------------ 76

Practical - 19 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81

Develop a Standard Format for Recording Physical Assets and Financial Records of a

Goat Enterprise -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81

Commercial Goat Farming Practical Book 1

Practical - 1

Preparation of Bar Charts Showing Population Distribution

of Goats at Different Geo-political and Ecological Domains

Objectives:

 To know about population distribution of goats at different geo-political and

ecological domains

Introduction:

Current situation of goat farming in Nepal

Eighty-three percent of the total population of Nepal live in the rural areas and their

principal means of livelihood is agriculture and livestock. Livestock plays significant

role in the Nepalese economy contributing around 11% to the national Gross Domestic

Product (Livestock Statistics of Nepal, 2017). Livestock farming consists of one third

share of total agricultural Gross Domestic Products (GDP) in Nepal. Thus, it

contributes a major share in agricultural system. As per data source of Department of

Livestock Services, Fiscal Year 2073/74; there are 11165099 number of goats in

Nepal. Similarly, 67706 metric tons of goat meat is produced which is 20 per cent of

the total meat produced (Livestock Statistics of Nepal, 2016/17)

Based on the data obtained from Government of Nepal, 2017 there is increasing trend

of major livestock; However, goat population is increasing much rapidly as compared

to other livestock. This shows the growing demand for goat. The annual growth rate

of goat in Nepal is 4% which is healthier as compared to other livestock. Although the

growth is increasing in number it is not sufficient due to low productivity of animals,

mainly due to poor husbandry practices by farmers, the genetic inferiority of local

breeds, and the poor condition of animal health (ADS, 2014).

Furthermore, even though the goat population has increased with time, the domestic

supply is not sufficient to meet the increasing demand. According to MoAD (2015)

Government records reveal that the import figure for 2005/06 was 274,814 live goats

which rose to 475,853 in 2010-11 (DLS, 2011).

2 Commercial Goat Farming Practical Book

Goats play an important role in human nutrition, food security, household income,

social and cultural functions. Goat is a multi-use animal which is commonly reared for

the meat (chevon). In different parts of the world, goat is raised for meat, milk, wool

and leather. Goat is also called “the poor man’s cow”. In Nepal, the goats can be reared

in different ecological zones; hence, people are adopting goat farming as an enterprise.

All caste and ethnic people like goat meat. So, goat farming has become a popular

business. As the goat farming business can be operated through a low investment, it

has given opportunity of employment and income generation to small farmers and

women. Therefore, goat farming has become a boon to poverty alleviation. The

amount of feed and fodder necessary for one cow can be easily reared for 5-6 goats

and farmers having less land can easily raise 2-4 goat.

Materials required:

 Data (primary or secondary)

Procedure:

 Collect date

 Prepare bar charts by using excel

Fig-1: Number of goat distribution in different region in fiscal year 2073/74

1050

3669

1226

2235

9032

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Eastern central western mid western far western

No. of goat distribution fiscal year 073-074

no. of goat

Commercial Goat Farming Practical Book 3

Fig- 2: Number of goats present in different province in 2017

Source: Livestock statistics of Nepal, 2017

Observation:

We were able to prepare different bar diagrams.

Interpretation:

We became able to prepare different bar diagrams so, reporting can be done in the

form of bar diagram.

2277659

1306800

2484855

1283467

1835436

994927 1041986

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

province

1

province

2

province

3

province

4

province

5

province

6

province

7

Total no.of goats

Total no.of goats

4 Commercial Goat Farming Practical Book

Practical - 2

Visit to a Nearby Commercial Goat Farm and Describe the

Features of a Breeding Buck and Adult Doe Based on

Selection Criteria

Objectives:

 To be familiar with the features of a breeding buck.

 To be familiar with the features of an adult doe.

Introduction:

It is important to understand criteria to select and replace breed does and bucks in order

to improve the productivity of meat goat herds.

Selection of breeding buck

A breeding buck is the most important animal in the herd. The buck contributes 50

percent of the genetic makeup of every kid born and determines overall pregnancy rate

of the herd. The choice of good breeding stock is an important factor and fundamental

in a meat goat operation.

 Physically healthy buck should be selected and should be neither obese nor

thinner.

 Buck’s legs and feets are important because it needs a lot of exercises during

mating time. Avoid bucks with feet problems such as laminitis and arthritis,

which causes pain, reduces libido, and prevents copulation.

 Information on mother of buck- it can forecast offspring’s ability.

 Bucks must have two testicles in the scrotal sac. The testicles should have a firm

consistency, elasticity at palpation, good mobility in the scrotal sac, and be oval-

shaped. Adult bucks should present a scrotal circumference of 25 cm in average.

Testicular size is positively correlated to daily sperm production and output.

 Standard buck vocalization.

 A buck must be dominant and display mating behavior, including a good libido

Commercial Goat Farming Practical Book 5

or sexual interest throughout the breeding season in the presence of a doe in heat

to effectively present a good serving capacity.

 Sexual exhaustion is another condition that dominant buck can suffer during a

breeding season, which lowers serving capacity. It's important for bucks to:

 Present a good sense of smell

 Structural soundness

 Present a good erection and be able to ejaculate. Look for malformation of the

penis and prepuce. Pursue the ability to produce fertile spermatozoa. It is

recommended, when possible, to have fertility tests run.

Fig: Breeding Buck

Selecting of doe

Replacing doe in a breeding program is a multi-step process that is based on breed,

season of birth, and management practices. The first screening begins at weaning when

the doe are between 3 to 4 months of age. It is based on weight and development. Doe

are selected from their contemporary group in a herd and kept for further evaluation.

At 6 to 8 months of age, the doe should be re-evaluated based on their growth and

development within their contemporaneous group. Doe that have achieved good

growth and are structurally sound should be kept as replacement stock.

Further selections are made at the yearling stage when the female is ready to breed. In

this stage, choice is based on cyclicity and pregnancy. Young does that do not show

estrous cycles or do not become pregnant are cull candidates. The final selection is

6 Commercial Goat Farming Practical Book

made after young does have weaned their first kids. Replacement prospects are

determined according to whether the does adequately raised their kids.

While selecting adult doe, following points be considered:

 Females must be feminine, which includes good structural conformation

including good feet and legs.

 Healthy and voluptuous

 Good development of breast. No lump or feeling of pain while touching the

breast

 Similar temperature of belly and breast

 Good vulva and no any abnormal matters. The vulva must not be infantile. A

small vulva with a tuff of hair is a sign of intersexuality

 Higher average daily weight gain during development in comparison to their

contemporary group.

 Must be prolific with a history of kidding multiple births and have raised the kids

up to weaning unassisted

 Does must have good milk production as indicated by the weaning weight of the

kids

 The udder must be of good structure, not pendulous, and with good ligaments,

with one functional teat on each half to facilitate nursing of the kids. Having

oversized teats is a cull factor.

 The does must be able to carry out a pregnancy to term.

 A doe must be capable of breeding with no more than two services (rate to effect

a pregnancy) required to conceive in a breeding season.