Applied Animal Nutrition Book PDF Download [Grade-11]

  

Table of Content

Unit-1 ........................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1

Unit - 2 ......................................................................................................................... 4

Characteristics of Feed Resources ............................................................................... 4

Unit - 3 ....................................................................................................................... 10

Chemical Composition of Different Feed Ingredients ............................................... 10

Unit - 4 ....................................................................................................................... 12

Basis of Classifying Feedstuffs .................................................................................. 12

Feed ............................................................................................................................ 12

Unit - 5 ....................................................................................................................... 14

Feed Additives ........................................................................................................... 14

Unit - 6 ....................................................................................................................... 15

Factors Affecting Nutritive Value of Feeds and Fodders .......................................... 15

Unit - 7 ....................................................................................................................... 19

Use of Conventional and Unconventional Feeds in Animal Feeding ........................ 19

Unit - 8 ....................................................................................................................... 22

Use of Agro-industrial By-products ........................................................................... 22

Unit - 9 ....................................................................................................................... 24

Use of NPN Substance and Mineral Block, Molasses, etc. ....................................... 24

Unit - 10 ..................................................................................................................... 26

Importance of Bypass Degradable and Un-degradable Protein in Ruminants ........... 26

Unit - 11 ..................................................................................................................... 29

Feeding of Livestock and Poultry .............................................................................. 29

Unit - 12 ..................................................................................................................... 65

Feed Processing, Mixing and Storage ........................................................................ 65

Unit - 13 ..................................................................................................................... 67

Feed Formulation ....................................................................................................... 67

Applied Animal Nutrition : Grade 11 1

Unit-1

Introduction

1.1 Types of feedstuffs

Feeds are grouped into eight classes on the basis of their composition in the way they

are used for formulating diets.

By necessity these classes are arbitrary, and in borderline cases the feed is assigned to

a class according to the most common use made of it in usual feeding practice. For

instance, some bran samples may contain over 18 percent fiber and more than 20

percent protein and yet are classed as forages because they are normally used in this

way.

Classes of Feeds by Composition and Usage

Code Class Description

1 Dry forages and

roughages

Hay; straw; fodder (aerial part); Stover (aerial part

without ears, without husks or aerial part without

heads); other products with more than 18 percent

crude fiber (dry basis); HULLS

This class includes all forages and roughages cut

and cured. Forages or roughages are low in net

energy per unit weight, usually because of the

high fiber content. Thus, such products as SEED

COATS, PODS, rice BRAN, etc. are included in

this group.

2 Pasture, range plants,

and forages fed green

Included in this group are all forage feeds either

not cut (including feeds cured on the stem) or cut

and fed fresh.

3 Silages This class includes only ensiled forages (MAIZE,

ALFALFA, GRASS, etc.), but not ensiled FISH,

GRAIN, ROOTS and TUBERS.

2 Applied Animal Nutrition : Grade 11

4 Energy feeds Included in this group are products with less than

20 percent protein (dry basis) and less than 18

percent crude fiber (dry basis) as, for example,

FISH, GRAIN, mill by-products,

5 Protein supplements This class includes products which contain 20

percent or more of protein (dry basis) from animal

origin (including ensiled products) as well as oil

meals, GLUTEN, etc.

6 Mineral supplements

7 Vitamin supplements

(including ensiled

yeast)

1.2 Feed ingredients

Feed ingredients are produced following the extraction of high value food from raw

materials which are considered unsuitable for human consumption. A wide variety of

ingredients are available for use in feeds. They are:

1. Grasses

2. Legumes

3. Miscellaneous fodder plants

4. Fruits and vegetables

5. Root crops

6. Cereals

7. Oil-bearing seed and oil cakes

8. Animal products

9. Miscellaneous feed stuffs

10. Additives

Applied Animal Nutrition : Grade 11 3

1.3 Importance to animal performance

i) It keeps the animal in good health and improves reproductive efficiency.

ii) It is palatable and easy for digestion.

iii) It has cooling effect on the body.

iv) It is mild laxative, hence prevents constipation.

v) It provides fresh nutrients in their natural form.

vi) It doesn’t put any stress on body or organ and leads to efficient utilization

of feed nutrients.