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My name is Prabhat. I am a local of Dhikurpokhari. The place
where I live is called Lewade. Bipin, Rita, Shyam, Lakhan,
Dorje, Sonam, Aitamaya and Salim also live around my house.
We always go to school. We share our reading, playing and other
experiences. We also help each other at confusion.
Unit 1 Me, My family and neighbourhood
My Neighbours
One day we were
playing a ball of rags.
An elderly man of our
village came saying,
"Dashain is close
around. You must play
swing, not rag ball.
We should braide the
rope of swing. Inform
all around to assemble
with Babiyo (a kind of
grass)". We called my
father, Harka brother,
B a h i d a r b r o t h e r ,
m a t e r n a l a u n t y
Krishnakala, Suntali
sister, Mansur uncle
and others. All the
locals assembled with
Babiyo grass. All braided the rope of Swing together.
The rope was tied round to a forked branch of a Pipal tree. We
requested our great uncle to try the Swing first. We all played it
one by one and returned home in the evening.
1
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 3
Activities
1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
(a) We all friends of around the village play........... together/
separately)
(b) .........was tied by all neighbors (Ping/rope).
(c) There are various........in the neighborhood (houses/rest
places)
(d) We should ... the neighbors (help/should not help).
(e) A person living in the same neighborhood is called......
(neighbor/alien).
2. What is the name of your neighbor ?
3. Write down the name of your neighboring friends in the class.
4. How do you address your neighbors for help in case someone
falls sick at home? Acting it out in the class.
5. Join in the road or public places cleaning campaign with
your neighbor.
6. Make a table to write down the name of your neighbors and
relation with them Specify what do you call them Look at
the example below:
Name of the neighbor Your relationship How you address
Krishna Ghimire Uncle Krishna uncle
Janaki Mushar Elder sister Janaki sister
I call my neighbors uncle, grandfather, great
uncle, aunt etc.
4 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
Occupational Tools
Farming is our occupation. So we love
working in the field. We take care of the fools
we need. They are plough and yoke. They are
made of local materials. We keep them safe
in an easy to find place.
Parents, brother and sister, find us spade.
It is our share of work to break the balls of
earth, dig and spray seeds. Grains like paddy,
maize, wheat and millet will grow. We will
sell the surplus grains weighed on a balance.
It is fun to work in field in harvest time. It is more fun wher sack
full of grain comes home.
give us milk, curd, ghee, dung, etc. We can process the curd to
get butter. We can earn money from the sale of milk products.
Santa Dai living next to us builds houses. He uses tools, bell,
shovel (made of iron) and a Doko. Som Bahadur is a doctor
and serves the whole village. He makes use of tools such as
thermometer, bandage, stethescope and scissors. He comes at call
to see patients at home. He checks them and gives medicines too.
Table, chairs, cot and cupboard are made of timber. A person who
makes furniture is called a carpenter. Carpenters use tools such
I go to jungle with a Doko, a Namlo (rope)
and a sickle. I am happy to graze animals
and cut grass for them. We should learn
how we can benefit from animals. They
as saw, hammer, anvil measuring tape etc. What a
skill. They fell a free, and saw it into planks. They
join the wood to make a chair, table bench etc.
2
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 5
1. Draw a picture of the following tools:
sickle, pen, scissors, khukuri, plough, stethescope (a tool
used for checking the patients)
2. Which tools are used by your father? Prepare a list of those
tools.
3. What tools do you use at home?
4. What do we use axe, sickle, plough and spade for ? Write
three or so sentences on each.
5. Write down the appropriate tools in the following table:
What tools ? Where are they used?
Weighing things
Making door and windows
Using mud
Taking temperature of a patient
Digging the land
6. The above tools are associated with occupations. Write down
what work they are used for example, Spade-farming
Activities
I can tell the name of the tools of different occupations
6 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
Use and Care of
Occupational Tools
Pramila went for shopping. She met Birman uncle and Suntali
aunty on the way. The dialogue between them goes like this.:
Pramila: Namaskar! Uncle and Aunty ! Where are you going?
Uncle/Aunty: Namaskar! Sweety. We are on the way to the farm.
Pramila: And, why these tools? Work today ?
Aunty: This is a plough. It tills the field. These two are spade
and Kuto. They are for digging.
Pramila: And, aunty, what's the sickle
and a rope for ?
Aunty: Listen! Little girl. At return,
I should bring grass in the
evening What would you
feed the cattle, otherwire ?
They rock back and forth for
want of grass. So the sickle
and rope are part of our life.
Pramila: And, how should we take care of such sharp tools?
uncle!
Uncle: Listen! Little girl. These tools should be kept away
from the reach of small children. They need to be
kept in an easy to find place. But beyond the reach
of children. Any negligence to handle them is risky.
They may fall off or cut anyone. The rust on them
is too dangerous. And, where are you going ?
Pramila: That's right, uncle. I am going to fetch kitchen
supplies : oil and sugar I am afrald I may be late for
school. Would love to chat with you, but see, the
3
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 7
Activities
time Ishould take a leave of you now.
Pramila: Shopkeeper, brother! A kilo sugar and a litre of oil,
please.
Shopkeeper: Ok, little girl. Here we are ! Practically, this I weigh
a kg of sugar. Look at the balance. Here is the oil full
one liter, not a drop less. Let me count the money.
Clever girl.
Pramila : Thank you. Here is your money.
1. What would have uncle, aunty and Pramila talked about in
the dialogue. Discuss.
2. Most tools may be sharp and prone to cut you. What
precaution do you take to prevent accident ? write.
3. Match the following:
Group A Group B
Pen Weighing things
Needle Digging the farm
Axe Writing
Weight and balance Sewing the clothes
Plough Chopping firewood
4. Make a list tools in your house. Write down the use and
ways of precaution from them.
Things Use Security
Namlo To carry load Keep in a place where you can find it
easily and a place where it does not
get wet
We must know how best to use tools. We must also
know what precaution to take to avoid accident.
8 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
Mutual Help with Neighbors
I am Rita. Rima, Suman and Dorje are my neighbors. I borrow ink
when I am short of it. I help my friends by lending my notebook
to them at need.
I am Rameshwor. We
r e a p e d o u r p a d d y
yesterday. Many workers
came to assist us at work.
They lacked sickle and
Namlo. I borrowed them
from my neighbors.
Once work was over,
I gave it back to them.
The other day we lent
our spade to Chandra to
break the earth.
My name is Pema. Our shed was destroyed by the landslide.
We are reconstructing the shed. Dawa uncle, Namgyal brother,
Chhiring sister and Thupten grand father from around came
to help us. When they joined us, the work was light and fast.
Working in team was fun. We did not feel a sense of difficulty
share work is good. We enjoy while working with the neighbors
together. One neighbor has to always help others in this way. We
should exchange help with neighbors. If we help neighbors, they
will also help us at need. That's the worth of being a neighbor.
Teaching instructions:
Ask to identify the types of things children exchange with each other while
doing work. Make children develop the habit of helping one another.
4
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 9
Activities
1. What things did you lend to your neighbors and what things
did you borrow from them? Fill in the following table:
Things borrowed from Things lent to your neighbors
your neighbors
2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) We should live with neighbors......(in good terms,
quarrelling)
(b) We should ..... neighbors (help, not help)
(c) ......................help of a neighbor is worth more than
....................... help of a far off person. (small, great).
(d) Neighbor should be....... (good, bad).
3. Express feelings in your notebook with experience of help
from neighbour.
4. Copy the following statements in your notebook sorting out
right or wrong.
(a) We should borrow things at need.
(b) We should return the things borrowed after use
(c) We should not help neighbors when they are in difficulty.
(d) It is good to help each other.
We should exchange help as neighbors.
10 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
Our Seniors
Unit 2 Our tradition and social values
All love Ramesh at home. That's because one day his uncle's
dialogue with him is as follows:
Uncle: Come here. Little boy !
Ramesh: Yes, uncle. Here I am.
how do you want me to
serve you ?
Uncle: Little boy, I am so thirsty.
Bring me some water.
Ramesh: Uncle (giving water).
Here it is.
Uncle: Well done, little boy !
Where is my cigarette?
Look for it.
Ramesh: Uncle, please forgive me. I cannot do it. The teacher
at school taught us that smoking is injurious to health.
It causes asthma like fatal diseases. They can take our
life. From now on, you stop too smoking. Do not take
tobacco uncle.
Uncle: You are right. You learned good things from early on.
From now I promise I will never smoke.
Ramesh: Our uncle is really good.
Uncle: You should play with others together. Love your
juniors and help others. Alright!
Teaching instructions:
Children of 8/9 years old may not accept senior's commands. In this case, a habit of listening to
them and obeying what they say should be developed in them. However, children can say no to the
activities that are bad, which are asked by guardians, teachers and seniors to do at home, school
and community. Make them involve in other activities to accomplish the curricular objectives.
1
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 11
1. Present a dialogue as in this lesson. Act it out in class.
2. Make a table as given below to show your seniors. Fill in
the gaps with appropriate words. For example,
Grandfather Teacher
My respectable ones
3. How would you respond in case your seniors told you to go
to graze goats instead of going to school or asked you to help
in the shop? Write your response to share it with friends.
4. Choose the appropriate words in the following story and
copy it in your notebook:
While Ramila and her elder brother were going to work,
Ramila's father said, "Today is your holiday. We go to work.
You (stay/ leave) home. Do your homework. Do not quarrel.
......(give/do not give) food to cattle. If the guests come at
home, welcome them and ask them to stay in the room."
Refuting her father, Ramila said, "No, father, I .......(obey/do
not obey) all things that you said. But I do not take the guests
inside the house. I ask them to stay.........(inside/outside). I
will ask their name. I will ask them to come when my father
and mother come back home. We have learnt such a thing at
grade one and two. Such people can be deceivers, can't they?
Said Ramila.
Activities
Ramesh: Sure, uncle. I apply seniors suggestion. I listen to
them and obey it. Some people preach good things to
others. They do not practice what they preach. Such
people are hypocrite. I do not like such people. I am
very much happy because you hear me.
We obey our seniors. We should not argue at
their commands.
12 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
I am very good (Nepali)
Ji Taska Wanla (Newari)
Ham Bahut Sundar Chhi (Maithili)
Ka Na Sarai Khainka (Athpahariya Rai)
Ngarananee Lhamu Nok (Sherpa)
Our Languages and Costumes
Both our languages and costumes are things of our identity. We
all live in harmony. We live in our country like one family We
talk nicely. Gunyu Choli (a typical Nepali dress) looks unique.
Dhimal's Bona and Lehenga Choli (a kind of costume) have their
own glory Domau of Tamana speaking people is even better. Cap
and Docha Kachhad in the body looks perfect. Bhojpuri speaking
peoples' Dhoti has its own glory.
Dhungri (a kind of ornament) in the ear and Bulaki (a kind of
ornament) in the nose give a distinct Nepali look. Tiki and Tilhari
(kinds of ornaments) in the neck make the wearer beautiful.
Bangles in the hands and Pauju (a kind of ornament) in the feet
add more beauty. Clothes and ornaments are distinct from caste
to caste and language to language.
2
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 13
Activities
1. Discuss with your friends whether the lesson gives the
message of discriminating people in the classroom, society,
home and neighborhood or not. Conclude it based on the
discussion.
2. Form four groups according to teacher's instructions, and
then do the following tasks:
Group Task
A Draw the pictures of the costumes people in your community wear
B Draw the pictures of the ornaments people wear in your community
C Write a sentence in your own language and translate it into different
languages spoken in your community
D Demonstrate greeting expressions used by different people in your
community. Act them out by saluting in the class. For example, Limbu
say Sewaro, Tamang say Phyaphulla, Newar say Jwojalapa, Maithili
people say Karaichhi Pranam, Athpahariya Rai say Siya Mettheng, etc.
Ask students to present the activities of each group in the class.
3. Samita went to nearby community and demonstrated the name
of languages and costumes as given in the following table:
SN Caste Language Costume
1 Limbu Limbu Sheerbadi, Chaubandi Lungi
2 Tamang Tamang Domau, Naugedi, chaubandi
3 Newar Nepal Haku Patasi
4 Rai Athpahariya Rai Mekhli, Chhitko Gunyu
Like Samita, you also show the same table by asking people about
their languages and costumes in your community.
4. Collect and cut out the pictures and figures from old
newspapers. Decorate them in a big paper and demonstrate
in the classroom.
We love our languages and costumes.
14 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
Sonam Gurung reads in class four. Today he is getting his hair
cut. The hair cut is not an ordinary act. It is a kind of celebration,
so he has invited his friends. They came and sat in a queue to
enjoy the feast. Durga asked Sonam, "What do you do when you
get your hair cut? I could not get to see and know about it. Please
explain."
Parmeshwor Yadav said, "Listen! Sonam was taken to a shed
yesterday. As per horoscope, a man was assigned to cut Sonam's
hair. The hair afterwards was put on the basket and cast in the
river. Dancing and singing went throughout the night. This
morning, maternal uncle gave him gifts and new clothes. The
hair cut is followed by giving of gifts.
Dhan Bahadur Tamang said, "I have also got my hair cut." Like
you the people of Tharu and Sherpa community get their hair
cut. Brahmins and Kshetris do the ritual of Bratabandha after
their hair cut. Chhewar (getting the hair cut) is a ritual. People
perform several other rituals from birth to death. These rituals
differ from one caste and religion to another. We should respect
other people's rituals, traditions and festivals.
Durga said, "My maternal home is in Baitadi district. Gaura
festival is special there. In this festival, they pray, eat delicious
foods and sing Deuda (a kind of dancing and singing celebration).
Sonam's maternal uncle said, "Look! People of various castes live
in our country. They have their own traditions and festivals. let
me tell you about some festivals celebrated in Nepal.
Our Rituals and Festivals
Teaching instructions:
Our children should not forget festivals and rituals that we perform according to
our caste, religion and traditions. Teachers, parents and communities should play
an important role in making children follow good cultures and avoid superstitions.
3
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 15
Activities
Father's day and mother's day
According to Hindu tradition, a festival of
taking a visit of mother falls on Krishna
Aunsi of Baishakh. Krishna Aunsi of Bhadra
similar festival of taking a visit of father is
celebrated. Children give gifts and delicious
foods to their parents. Those with no mother
go to Matatirtha. Those with no father go to
Gorkarna where they offer money and gods
to gods after bath. Those who cannot go
there offer money and foods at home.
Siruwa festival
This festival is celebrated by
Rajbansi people on 1st of Baishakh
in Jhapa and Morang districts. It is
celebrated by Spraying water and
color with each other and service
of delicious foods to relatives. The
festival brings relatives closer to feel
a sense of togetherness. It binds
people to strong relation.
1. Like Sonam and Durga, their friends told about their festival
as follows:
Babuchhiri Sherpa
In our community, we celebrate Manirimdu festival. On the occasion, Lamas
wear mask to perform dance to reflect the images of Gods and Goddesses
Lamas wish all devotees good health and happiness and peace. On this day,
people eat delicious food at home. Rajani, We celebrate Badkaiitbar festival. It
is celebrated on the last Sunday the end of Bhadra. People enjoy the occasion
together with their relatives. The feast is followed by song and dance.
2. Like Babuchhiri and Rajani, ask your parents about a ritual
and a festival celebrated in your area. Share with your friends
in the class.
3. Listen to what your friends share in the class. What similarities
and differences did you notice between your rituals and the
festivals of your friends? Write to share with your friends in the
class.
4. Look at the calendar and tell which festivals are celebrated
when. Demonstrate these five major festivals in the table below:
Month Festival
We should conserve rituals and festivals.
16 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
Importance of Birthplace
The birthplace and mother are greater than heaven.
- Ramayan
The source of the quotation is the Ramayan. You can see it in
our emblem too. Lord Ram conquered Lanka of Ravan. It was a
very beautiful country. It was beautiful all around. The houses
were planned and the roads clean. There were gardens with
blooming flowers. Two brothers, Ram and Laxman traveled
thoroughout Lanka. Laxman liked it very much. Lanka was more
beautiful than their own Ayodhya. Laxman said to Rama, "Lanka
is very beautiful. I do not like to
leave it. Our Ayodhya is not as
beautiful as Lanka. Let us settle
here, brother."
Trying to convince his brother,
Rama said, "Look, brother ! Other's
place and country must not tempt
us. We love our birthplace. What
good is the Lanka and gold ! It is
not ours. Our birthplace is dear
to us. Our mother and birthplace
are greater than heaven. So we
should go back to Ayodhyaya
to make it even more beautiful.
After that, they returned to Ayodhyaya.
Teaching instructions:
Make children form habits of being proud of their birthplace. Make them
participate in the activities that help in creating a sense that their birthplace
and country are good.
4
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 17
Activities
Everyone loves his/her birthplace more than anything else. The
birthplace should never be forgotten. It gives us our identity.
It is our collective duty to make it better and beautiful. We are
born luckily in a country, blessed with natural resources. If we
are to work, and harness our hard work with natural resources,
develpoment will gather speed.
1. What things your birthplace do you like most ? Make a list
of them.
2. Write a letter to your friend stating that nothing is greater
than our birthplace. We have to love our birthplace.
3. Write a story or a poem or a song about your birthplace.
4. In the story of the lesson, whose talk did you like-Ram or
Laxman? Why ?
5. Fill in the blanks with the following words given in the box:
Buddha, Mt. Everest, Culture, Birthplace, Rhodendron
and Sunakhari, beautiful
To me, Nepal is the most beautiful country in the world. .............
was born here. The highest peak of ...........is here. .........
cataracts are here. There are ..........mountains with flowers.
This country is full of .......and ........ There is no other beautiful
country like Nepal. No other place is beautiful other than Nepal
because it is our.......... I feel proud of my country.
6. Our mother and birthplace are greater than heaven. Explain
the statement.
7. Write a paragraph about a place you live in.
We are proud of our birthplace
18 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
How Good is my Place!
Aah! How beautiful is my
village ! There is jungle
nearby. Fresh air blowss
to make our environment
enjoyable. The herbs found
in the jungle have properties
of medicine. It offers us grass
and firewood too. A stream flows down my village. We embank
it to carry the water into the farm from a canal. There is reserve
of minerals in the mountains near the village. There are many
lime stones. We can process it to make cement of it. We cannot
explain the beauty of the mountains with rhodendron. We have
to preserve all these forests, ponds, streams and mountains. We
should love such places with plenty of natural resources. I live
here. I enjoy it all. I can lend a hand to the development of the
place. This is my duty as a local of
this area.
My town is very beautiful. The
roads are wide and clean. The
market is everywhere. The factory
makes medicine from the herbs
from the village. The hospital gives
good service to the people. There
are old historical palaces such as,
Teaching instructions:
Children should know about characteristics of their birthplace so that a sense
of ownership about their place can be created. Present the example that we can
develop our place by developing our resources. Also, give examples of successful
stories of partnership between different castes and communities.
5
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 19
Activities
temples, mosques and chaityas. They are full of arts. Tourists
enjoy it hall on. In the sides of the roads, there are gardens. There
is greenery either side of the road. Light has reached every house.
At night, the whole area glow with light. How beautiful is my
town! I love it very much. I lend a hand to keep it clean.
1. Draw a picture of your house and community to demonstrate
it in the class.
2. As is given in the lesson, describe your village or
neighbourhood.
3. Like given in the example, write natural, historical, religious
and economic sources in the table below:
Natural Historical/religious Economic
Phewa Lake Vindhyavasini temple Tourism profession
4. Read the following sentences and tick off () the true
statements and cross out (X) the false ones:
(a) We should love the place of our birth.
(b) Our development is possible only when our village or
neighborhood is developed.
(c) We should preserve jungle, minerals, herbs, rivers, etc.
(d) She should throw waste in the pond.
(e) We should not litter our temples.
5. Make a plan together in the class to keep the environment of
school's community clean. Also participate in the activities of
cleanliness accordingly. Who did what? Present it in the class.
Things available in our area are of great importance.
20 My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4
Ideal People in our District
Shanta Sherchan is a famous literary figure in our district. Her
poems are famous. Her composition include poems, stories and
songs that generate a sense of patriotism and birthplace. Her
songs often play on the radio.
Puspa is a famous teacher in the
district. She has experience of
over 20 years. She has set up three
primary schools in the district. Now,
she is campaigning to upgrade the
school to secondary school. She
also trains scouts. Therefore she
commands respect from in and out
of the district.
Sundar Bishwokarma is a well known social reformer of our
district. He visits the villages to see how development is going.
People of all age groups know him. He believes development of
the villages promotes the development of the country. This year
he won the election of Village Eexcutive Committee chairperson.
Since his holding of the post, road construction has gained
speed. Every house has water tap. He reaches out to people in
their problems.
Manilal Tharu is a well known mediator. He settles all types of
quarrels impartially. He is regarded as a key person to maintain
peace, law and order.
Teaching instructions:
Children identified famous people in their Rural Municipality and Municipality
in grade 3. Now, in grade 4, this lesson aims at exploring famous people in the
district. Both parents and teachers should help children in this task.
6
My Social Studies and Creative Arts, class 4 21
Activities
1. Look for good people in your district, and obtain information
about their deeds to share with the class.
2. Make a list of people such as parents, neighbours and
people in the district as given in the following table:
Area Person Works done by him
Education
Arts
Social service
Literature
3. Suppose you got an opportunity to meet a famous person
of your district. What questions would you ask him/her ?
Make sample questions. For example,
(1) How did you involve yourself in this work?
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
4. What works should you do if you want to be famous like
him/her ?
We can find good people with their deeds
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