My Science, Health and Physical education class 4 [English version] PDF Download CDC

  

 If you are facing any problem in downloading then Comment Below or DM us on Instagram

Have you experienced a hard bone while touching back part of

your body in the centre? A long bone, linked from neck to waist

of some animals and human beings in the centre of the back, is

a vertebra. This is also called backbone. Have you seen animals

with backbones in your surroundings?

Animals are of different types. One type of animals differs from

others in terms of measurement, shape, size and structure.

There are mainly two types of animals around us. Some are with

backbone and some are without it. For example; cow, buffalo,

chicken, dog, fish, snake, frog, pigeon, etc. are animals with back

bone. However, slug, earthworm, butterfly, grasshopper, spider,

etc are animals without back bone.

Vertebrate and Invertebrate Animals

The vertebrates have bones inside their body. Therefore, their

body is strong. The invertebrates do not have bones. So, their

body is soft. A group of all bones of the body of animals is called

skeleton.

1

2 Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4

Also, you might have seen animals without bones around

your home or school. For instance, flies, mosquitoes, slugs,

earthworms, etc are animals without back bones. There are also

many more animals without back bones in the surroundings of

your home, school and neighbourhood. Some animals without

bones have hard covers for their security. They are snail, clam,

crab, etc. The crab, scorpion, snail, earthworm, etc and micro

organisms including Bacteria that we cannot see with our open

eyes come under the group of invertebrates. Thus, animals are

divided into vertebrates and invertebrates in accordance with

having bones and without bones respectively.

Bone supports the body

How can we stand upright? Have you ever

thought of it? Bones of legs help us in standing

and backbone of our body supports to be

upright. The invertebrates cannot stand upright

like vertebrates. Have you seen a slug or an

earthworm standing upright?

Bones shape the body

Why some men are tall and dwarf in terms of height. Bones not only

support the body but they also shape the body to make it bigger or

small. Bones determine the height and size of the body. What will

be the height of a man with long backbone and leg bones? People

with long bones are tall and with short ones are dwarf. Why do

dogs and men differ in terms of size? Even the face of a man differs

from one another because of different size of bones.

Teaching instructions:

Some insects such as snail, dung beetle, etc have hard outer coverings.

However, inform students about the fact that they are not backbones.

Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4 3

Activity

1 Observe different types of animals found in your

surroundings, and discuss about differences that you find

between vertebrates and invertebrates.

2 Make a list of five vertebrate and invertebrate animals that

you find around your school or home.

1. Tick (√) right statements and cross (x) wrong ones:

(a) Bone on the back between head to waist is called backbone

(b) Vertebrates have fixed shapes.

(c) Bones make the body soft and strong.

(d) Invertebrates have hard bodies.

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(a) A hard part in the centre of the back of our body is called.......

(b) The bones of leg help us in standing, and backbone supports

to be..........

(c) Size of bones of different animals is...............

(d) The vertebrate animals have .................inside the body.

3. Answer the following questions:

(a) Write down any two differences between vertebrates and

invertebrates.

(b) Write down any two functions of bones.

(c) How do men differ from each other due to bones?

(d) What is a skeleton?

Exercise

4 Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4

Have you seen a chick coming out of an egg? Do the dogs and cats

found around your home or neighborhood lay eggs or give birth

to young ones? Have you ever considered it? All living things

reproduce organisms like them. It is called reproduction. What

would happen if living things do not reproduce?

Oviparous and Viviparous Animals

Reproduction is one of the major characteristics of living things.

The animals either give birth to young ones or lay eggs to

reproduce organisms like them. There would be no existence of

animals if they did not reproduce.

2

Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4 5

Life cycle of a frog

Which of the animals have you seen laying eggs? Egg laying

animals hatch young ones from eggs. You might have seen that

some of the animals that lay eggs cover them to keep warm. The

birds usually sit over the eggs by stretching their wings to make

them warm. When mother bird keeps the eggs warm to hatch,

it is called incubation. In this case, mother bird keeps the eggs

under her wings with the help of legs or beak. When a hen sits

over the eggs to cover, they get heated with the warmth of its

body. A chick will not develop if it does not get heated. Therefore,

it always sits over the eggs to cover. A chick is hatched in about

21 days of incubation. Like us, the animals also look after and

protect their young ones.

Where will fishes or frogs lay eggs? Can you say? The fishes

and frogs lay eggs in water. The insects lay eggs on the leaves of

plants. The eggs of these insects need less heat and the energy

obtained from the sun and is adequate to keep them warm. The

fishes, frogs, snakes, insects, etc do not look after their eggs or

young ones.

6 Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4

Activity

Viviparous animals

Which of the animals’ young ones have you seen? Are they

reproduced as young ones or eggs? Can you say? Some animals

hatch the eggs and some others give birth to young ones. The

animals like dogs and cats do not lay eggs. They give birth to

young ones that develop in their womb. Have you seen a female

buffalo licking her calf? Viviparous animals look after their young

ones and bring them up by suckling their breast. They keep

their young ones clean, and protect them from enemies. You

might have seen a bitch suckling her puppies. You might have

also noticed that she will get angry or bark while touching their

puppies. The animals like cow, woman, bitch, shrew, rat, bat,

whale, etc give birth to young ones. They are called viviparous

animals. They rear their babies suckling their breast. In this way,

different animals reproduce their young ones in different ways.

Teaching instructions:

If possible, collect the eggs of the frogs during their breeding time and show

the students how tadpole and frog develop from these eggs.

1. Make a list of five oviparous animals found around your

home.

2. Make a list of five viviparous animals found around your

school or home.

3. Classify the following animals in a category that looks after

their young ones and in a category that do not look after

their young ones:

Whale, house lizard, crow, man, fish, cat, snake, pigeon,

dog, frog.

Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4 7

Investigate

What types of the nests of the birds have you seen? Make a picture

of the nests on the basis of your investigation.

1. Tick (√) right statements and cross (x) wrong ones:

(a) A cow gives birth to young ones. ( )

(b) A frog lays eggs on a leaf. ( )

(c) A fish lays eggs, but does not look after them. ( )

(d) Generally, viviparous animals suckle their young

ones. ( )

2. Match the following:

(a) Rat ( ) lays eggs in water

(b) Pigeon ( ) gives birth to baby.

(c) Fish ( ) lays eggs on the leaf of a plant.

(d) Butterfly ( ) lays eggs in water land looks after.

( ) lays eggs in the nest land looks after.

3. Classify the following organisms as oviparous or viviparous

Lophophorus, rhinoceros, goat, bat, duck, pigeon, cow, horse,

tiger, sheep

Exercise

8 Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4

4. Observe the figures and arrange them in a sequence:

5. (a) Like hens, which of the animals lay eggs found around

you ? Ask and write down their names .

(b) In your surrounding, which animals give birth to young

ones and suckle them like a dog? Write their names.

6. (a) How do viviparous animals rear their young ones?

(b) How do birds look after their eggs to hatch?

(c) Write the names of any four animals, which do not look

after their eggs? They do not have to look after their

eggs like birds. Why?

Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4 9

Search

Find out the following information from the poultry farm.

(a) what age does a hen start laying eggs?

(b) In how many days of crouching over the eggs, a hen hatches

the eggs?

(c) Generally, how many eggs are laid by a hen in one incubation

period?

(d) Are all the eggs hatched or not?

(e) What can be the reasons that some eggs will not be hatched?

10 Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4

Cow, buffalo, tiger, horse, etc are terrestrial animals. Among these

animals, some are domesticated. Animals kept at home are called

domestic animals. Dog, cow, buffalo, etc are domestic animals.

The animals living in the jungle are called wild animals. Tiger,

leopard, lion, etc are wild animals.

Cow, buffalo, sheep, chyangra, etc are herbivorous animals.

These animals have a pair of

horns and two hoofs. They also

have strong snout. They can

easily make pieces of grass, and

can chew it due to strong, flat

and sharp teeth.

There is only one hoof in each

foot of horse, zebra, etc. They can

run faster due to this.

Camel is an animal found in dry

and hot place. Its neck is long and

hoofs are thick and flat.The skin

of its body is thick. It has special

capacity to store water in the

body. Due to this, it can survive

for long even without drinking

water.

The skin of the body of yak, snow

leopard, etc is thick. The body of

these animals are covered with

thick and long hairs. Such a

Terrestrial Animals and

3 their Characteristics

Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4 11

structure of their body protects

them from cold.

Animals like tiger, lion, cat, etc

have sharp teeth, strong paws,

pointed nails and strong legs.

These animals are carnivorous.

Monkey, squirrel, etc are

aroboreal animals. The forelegs

of these animals are adapted in

such a way that they can easily

catch the branches of a tree. The

chest muscles are strong. The tail

is long. Due to this, they can hang

and jump on the branches of a tree.

There are adhesive pads in the feet of

animals like house lizard, etc. These

animals can easily climb on the walls.

Pigeon, sparrow, chicken, etc eat

grains. So, they are called grain

eating animals. The beaks of these

animals are short, strong and

pointed. The body is covered with

feathers. They have wings to fly.

The body of mosquitoes, flies,

ants, etc are divided into

head, thorax and abdomen.

They have jointed legs and

wings to fly.

12 Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4

Activity

Teaching instructions

If possible, make students visit zoo or animal shed so that they

can observe the animals there. Similarly, make them take notes

about the physical characteristics of these animals.

1. Fill in the given table with the name of ten terrestrial

animals and their characteristics:

With sharp teeth

and nails

With hoofs Have legs Have feathers

S. No. Name of animal Characteristics

No. of legs Types of hoofs Horns Food Nails

Collect the figures of the following animals from old books

and group and paste them on your copy according to their

similar characteristics as given in the table below:

Tiger, sheep, buffalo, ant, cow, donkey, eagle, fly, cat, pigeon,

parrot, lion, goat, mosquito.

Science, Health and Physical Education : Grade 4 13

1. Match the following:

(a) Cow ( ) flat and thick hoof

(b) Ant ( ) sharp teeth and strong paws

(c) Camel ( ) thick and long hairs

(d) Lion ( ) cutting and chewing teeth

(e) Yak ( ) hard and curved beak

( ) has head, thorax and abdomen.

2. Tick (√) for correct and cross ( x ) for wrong sentences:

(a) Yak has thick and long hairs.

(b) House lizard has adhesive pad in the limbs.

(c) Horse has two hoofs.

(d) Tiger has sharp teeth and strong paws.

3. Answer the following questions:

(a) Write any two differences between yak and camel on

the basis of the structure of body.

(b) Write any three physical characteristics of a buffalo.

(c) Write any three physical characteristics of a tiger.